The Vikings founded several kingdoms and earldoms in Europe: the kingdom of the Isles ( Suðreyjar), Orkney ( Norðreyjar), York ( Jórvík) and the Danelaw ( Danalǫg), Dublin ( Dyflin), Normandy, and Kievan Rus' ( Garðaríki). The Norse-Gaels, Normans, Rus' people, Faroese, and Icelanders emerged from these Norse colonies. They also briefly settled in Newfoundland, becoming the first Europeans to reach North America. Voyaging by sea from their homelands in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, the Norse people settled in the British Isles, Ireland, the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Greenland, Normandy, and the Baltic coast and along the Dnieper and Volga trade routes in eastern Europe, where they were also known as Varangians. The Scandinavians of the Viking Age are often referred to as Vikings as well as Norsemen, although few of them were Vikings in the sense of being engaged in piracy. The Viking Age applies not only to their homeland of Scandinavia but also to any place significantly settled by Scandinavians during the period. It followed the Migration Period and the Germanic Iron Age. The Viking Age (793–1066 CE) was the period during the Middle Ages when Norsemen known as Vikings undertook large-scale raiding, colonising, conquest, and trading throughout Europe and reached North America.
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